The Rise of GLP-1s in Diabetes and Weight Management
The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists has surged dramatically with over 9 million prescriptions written in 2023, and that number is expected to grow by 25% or more each year through 2026. These medications, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, have reshaped how clinicians manage type 2 diabetes and obesity, offering significant weight loss and cardiovascular benefits.
But with growing use comes a growing responsibility: to understand and monitor emerging safety data—particularly around GLP-1s and ocular safety.
What Recent Studies Reveal
In our CEimpact GameChangers Clinical Updates, “GLP-1 Therapy Associated with an Increased Risk of Ocular Disorders” with guest Jamie Pitlick, PharmD, BCPS, BC-ADM, we take a closer look at new JAMA studies sparking important discussion in clinical practice.
Study 1: GLP-1s and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)
Researchers reported a fourfold increase in NAION among patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists. This rare but serious condition involves sudden, painless vision loss, likely linked to vascular insufficiency in the optic nerve.
Study 2: GLP-1s and Macular Degeneration
Another study identified a statistically significant rise in age-related macular degeneration risk among GLP-1 users, suggesting possible neurovascular or inflammatory mechanisms at play.
While these studies do not confirm causation, they highlight the need for patient monitoring, interprofessional collaboration, and continued research.
What Pharmacists Should Know
Pharmacists are often the first point of contact when patients have questions about new or unusual side effects. Here’s how you can help:
1. Interpret the Evidence
- Reinforce that the absolute risk remains low.
- Explain that these findings are preliminary and observational.
- Keep the focus on overall benefit–risk balance.
2. Counsel Confidently
Encourage patients to report any sudden vision changes immediately and to maintain regular dilated eye exams, especially those with existing risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia.
3. Support Collaborative Care
Work closely with prescribers to ensure early evaluation and referral when ocular symptoms occur. Reinforce lifestyle interventions that protect vascular and retinal health.
Promoting Ocular Health in the GLP-1 Era
Pharmacists can empower patients by combining medication safety with preventive eye care. Practical strategies include:
- Encouraging glycemic and blood pressure control to protect retinal microvasculature.
- Recommending annual ophthalmologic screenings.
- Addressing medication adherence and setting realistic expectations for side effects.
The Bottom Line
GLP-1 receptor agonists remain among the most transformative therapies in metabolic medicine, with undeniable benefits for glycemic and cardiovascular outcomes. But as evidence evolves, pharmacists play a critical role in translating emerging data into practical, patient-centered care.
Stay informed and confident in your clinical conversations.
🎧 Listen now: CEimpact GameChangers Clinical Update – GLP-1 Therapy Associated with an Increased Risk of Ocular Disorders
